Life Skill: Personal Code of Conduct

 A. Salces Cajes, PhD

Also known as the moral code, code of honor, ten commandments or decalogue, the personal code of conduct states the ethical norms that guide you in deciding which decision or action is right or wrong. Such ethical norms represent the standards or ideals that you set for yourself. 

Your code serves as the terms of reference for your conscience when it makes an evaluation about the rightness or wrongness of an action, decision or behavior. If your code is consistent with your credo and values, then you gain confidence in the quality of your choices and actions.

Since your code represents the most sacred character of your being, it has a normative function --it regulates your conduct. In case you  violate your code, your conscience can trigger you to stop, repent or take a positive or affirmative action. It tells you to say sorry or repay an injury that has been done.

If there is such thing as honor among thieves, the right thing to do is for good men and women to have a superior set of moral compass to make this world or our communities, organizations, and homes better places to live in. 

Some examples of a code of conduct include the following:

• I shall abide by the principle of beneficence or ahimsa by doing good and avoiding evil;
• I shall protect my personal integrity at all times;
• I shall observe zero tolerance to corruption;
• I  shall treat and respect other people as my kapwa.

The True Decalogue by Apolinario Mabini is good source of a code of conduct:

First. Love God and your honor over all things: God, as the source of all truth, all justice and all activity; your honor, the only power that obliges you to be truthful, just and industrious.

Second. Worship God in the form that your conscience that God speaks to you, reproaching you for your misdeeds and applauding you for your good deeds.

Third. Develop the special talents that God has given you, working and studying according to your capabilities, never straying from the path of good and justice, in order to achieve your own perfection, and by this means you will contribute to the progress of humanity: thus you will accomplish the mission that God himself has given you in this life, and achieving this, you will have honor, and having honor, you will be glorifying God.

Fourth. Love your country after God and your honor, and more than you love yourself, because your country is the only paradise that God has given you in this life; the only patrimony of your race; the only inheritance from your ancestors; and the only future of your descendants: because of your country you have life, love and interests; happiness, honor and God.

Fifth. Strive for the happiness of your country before your own, making her the reigning influence for reason, justice and work; if your country is happy, you and your family will also be happy.

Sixth. Strive for the independence of your country, because you alone can have a real interest in her aggrandizement and ennoblement, since here independence will mean your own freedom, her aggrandizement your own perfection, and her ennoblement your own glory and immortality.

Seventh. In your country, do not recognize the authority of any person who has not been elected by you and your compatriots, because all authority comes from God, and as God speaks to the conscience of each individual, the person chosen and proclaimed by the consciences of all the individuals of a whole town is the only one that can exercise real authority.

Eighth. Strive that your country be constituted as a republic, and never as a monarchy: a monarchy empowers one or several families and lays the foundation for a dynasty; a republic ennobles and dignifies a country based on reason, it is great because of its freedom, and is made prosperous and brilliant by dint of work.

Ninth. Love your neighbor as you love yourself, because God has imposed on him and on you the obligation to help one another, and has dictated that he does not do unto you what he does not want you to do unto him; but if your neighbor is remiss in this sacred duty and makes an attempt on your life, your freedom and your priorities, then you should destroy him and crush him, because the supreme law of self preservation must prevail.

Tenth. Always look on your countryman as more than a neighbor: you will find in him a friend, a brother and at least the companion to whom you are tied by only one destiny, by the same happiness and sorrows, and by the same aspirations and interests.

Because of this, while the borders of the nations established and preserved by the egoism of race and of family remain standing, you must remain united to your country in perfect solidarity of views and interests in order to gain strength, not only to combat the common enemy, but also to achieve all the objectives of human life. (http://malacanang.gov.ph/8132-the-true-decalogue-by-apolinario-mabini/)

On Human Rights

by A. Salces Cajes, PhD

The concept of human rights is usually traced to the year 539 BC when Cyrus the Great declared the freedom of the slaves saying that all human beings are equal in race and that they could choose the religion to believe in and practice. Indeed, it has a long and tumultuous history, but some countries are able to advance and protect human rights better than others.

So, what are human rights and why are they important?

Human rights are ultimately derived from the natural wants of human beings. The natural wants are inalienable and fundamental to every person. An act to deny the fulfillment of such natural wants would dehumanize a person. 

People, for instance, will not survive for a long time without water to quench their thirst. Thus thirst is a natural desire and quenching the thirst is a natural want. When someone denies the fulfillment of this natural want, the person will eventually die or cease to exist as a person. If someone limits access to water, then the affected persons will not be able to fully develop and realize their potential. In the process, they will become weak, unhealthy, susceptible to disease, and their mental development is affected; hence unable to make intelligent or wise decisions.

Natural wants are needs, and needs are part of our being. But some needs are more important than others, as thinkers like Abraham Maslow suggests. Others think that needs are fundamental and interrelated, and that there are needs that are common to all people regardless of time, race or place.

Through the State, the human needs are positively recognized and protected; hence, these human needs become human rights. Some States, however, are better than others in formulating and implementing the policies and laws to protect and promote human rights.

"Right" in Pilipino means karapatan. This implies something that is due to a person (nararapat), which a rational person is duty bound or morally obliged to fulfill (dapat tuparin). In Visayan, "right" means katungod that also implies a duty or moral obligation (katungdanan) to fulfill.

The idea that some rights are more important than others is generally acceptable. The challenge is how to operationalize or live out the reality that there are different types, limitations and possible conflicts of human rights.

Life Skill: Statement of Core Values

by A. Salces Cajes, PhD

Your statement of core values naturally flows from the credo. Values are the bases by which you distinguish the right from wrong action. The core values are your “non-negotiables” regardless of the circumstance, time or place. As such, values can be understood as the ethical foundations of human actions, intentions and decisions.

One way of determining your core values is by listing down the major actions or decisions you have made in your life. Review the list and then identify the reasons why you choose such actions or decisions. These reasons are manifestations of your values, i.e., why you do the things you do.

Core values can help students in deciding the kind of future that they will create, the profession that they would like to pursue, or the organization that they would like to work for after graduation. For professionals, core values are determinants in choosing your lifestyle, workstyle, advocacy or friends.

Inventory of Core Values. Come up with a list of three to seven core values or your “non-negotiables”. Describe these core values so that they are clear to you and for other people. Make sure that these values are consistent with your credo. Examples of core values are the following:

· Catholic values: Sanctity of life; Fidelity in relationship

· Mulan (the Movie): Honor; Duty

· Knights (of King Arthur): Courage; Justice

· Leadership: Integrity; Empathy

· Islamic values: Honesty; Kindness

· Filipino values: Hospitality; Loyalty.

 Describe the Core Values.  By describing the core values, you articulate the meaning and implication of these values to yourself and to other people. Examples of descriptions of core value are the following:

·  Jose Rizal, Patriotism: "I wish to show those who deny us Patriotism that we know how to die for our country and convictions."

·  San Miguel Corporation, Sustainable Development: “We advocate sustainable development - We believe in using only what we need and integrating sustainability practices into our operations. Water stewardship, energy optimization and reducing waste are our key environmental priorities.”

·  Author, Obedience or Loyalty: “I will obey and follow the right management instructions to the best of my abilities. I will refuse and oppose instructions that my conscience could not accept.”

Life Skill: Personal Credo

by A. Salces Cajes, PhD

A personal credo is a set of beliefs guiding your thoughts, behavior, and attitude. It may also consist of principles to live in life. The credo can be distilled from your faith, culture, tradition, upbringing, lessons gained, and experiences.

A credo is important because it serves as one's center of being. When you are exposed to different individuals, groups, experiences and ideas, you will also become susceptible to beliefs and principles that are different from your own.

"Find your center" is a healthy reminder when you are unsure about the decision to make or the action to take. This is especially true when you are confronted with options or temptations that will affect your future. 

In the end, you will have to live and deal with yourself. So, make sure that your personal credo is grounded on ideas and ideals that are consistent with the best available sources of knowledge and wisdom. As a quote, which is attributed to the Vedas, say: "At the center of our being is a truth that shines brighter than a thousand suns."

You may refer to the examples below in crafting your personal credo.

• I believe in karma -- that good and bad actions will respectively yield positive or negative consequences to me in the near or far future. -- Author
• I believe in the inherent goodness of human beings, the beauty of our planet and her creatures, the grandeur of the universe and the wisdom of the Creator. -- Author
• I believe that life has meaning and my search for that meaning challenges me to live life to the fullest. -- Author 
• I believe that someday people will "live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character." -- Martin Luther King, Jr.

From time to time, you need to revise or enhance your personal credo. In my case, I do it at least every year, each time I am facing a major decision to make, or when I read something that catches my attention. This poem entitled "To Have Succeeded" by Ralph Waldo Emerson is a good source of a personal credo:

To laugh often and much; To win the respect of intelligent people and the affection of children; To earn the approbation of honest critics and endure the betrayal of false friends; To appreciate beauty; To find the best in others; To give of one's self; to leave the world a bit better, whether by a healthy child, a garden patch or a redeemed social condition; to have played and laughed with enthusiasm and sung with exultation; to know even one life has breathed easier because you have lived -- this is to have succeeded."

Life Skills

by A. Salces Cajes, PhD

Life Skill refers to the right combination of knowledge, skill, attitude, and behavior that will help a person in coping with what the World Health Organization (WHO) describes as the "demands and challenges of everyday life." In Filipino, it simply means "Kakayahang Mamuhay". The context is right or proper living or "mamuhay ng maayos, mabuti at matiwasay". These terms, of course, need to be properly defined. But at this point, let's just use these terms as we know them -- i.e., not in the bad sense.

As I gain experience and knowledge, including hopefully wisdom, I'm sharing some insights on Life Skills that anyone can apply in their respective professional or life journeys. The articles about this topic will be simpler and personal. The "label" is "life skills" for easy reference.

Most of the lessons that I've gained are products of my reading, studies, interactions with experts and ordinary human beings, training programs, professional experiences, etc. Let me then share with you some of the life skills that I've learned and gained with the hope that these may help you in coping with the demands and challenges that may come along your way.

In relation to this topic, my related professional experiences include managing programs and projects for more than 25 years, leading people for about the same number of years, conducting organizational studies, running training sessions on strategic, operational, and risk management for the public, private an civil society sectors. I have also served as assessor of the Philippine Quality Award for a couple of years.

Caveat: Let's learn from others, but let's think and act for ourselves.